oni matsuri festivals

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oni matsuri 鬼祭り Oni Demon Festivals



There are many festivals involving the local ONI of Japan.

- oni gyooretsu 鬼行列 Oni gyoretsu, Demon Parade
- - - - - . Shuten Doji Festival 酒呑童子行列 and Demon Parade .

. yatai to oni 屋台と鬼　Oni decorations on festival floats .

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setsubun 節分 seasonal divide - driving out the local Oni

. Onibashiri 鬼走 running demons for Setsubun .
- and Oni eshiki 鬼会式 Demon Festival and Ritual



. Namahage なまはげ　Demons from Akita .

. Onigo Matsuri 鬼子祭り "Demon Boys Festival" .
..... Kokuseki-Ji Naked Man Festival 黒石裸祭 Kuroishi Festival

. oniyo 鬼夜 "demon's night" fire festival .
..... Daizenji Town, Kurume, Fukuoka

- - - - - to be updated !
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kiraigoo 鬼来迎 ki raigo - Demons coming down to Earth
and oni mai 鬼舞 Demon Dance


source : yokoshibahikari.jp/kiraigou/kiraigo

Temple 広済寺 Kosai-Ji
千葉県山武郡横芝光町虫生 / Musho, Yokoshibahikari, Sanbu District, Chiba
Ritual on August 16

. raigō, raigoo 来迎 "welcoming approach" .
Amida Buddha coming down to welcome a new soul

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Oniyama sakura matsuri 鬼山桜まつり Sakura Festival at Oniyama Demon Mountain
Misaki town 美咲町打穴中地区 Okayama

. Momotaro Legend in Misaki Town 三咲町の桃太郎伝説 .

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- quote -
The Japanese Festival Where Demons Beat Up Kids with Sticks


- CLICK for more photos !

In a small town in Hiroshima called 小屋浦 Koyaura, the third weekend of every October is the autumn festival. A festival the children of the town dread.
..... Terrifying demons known as マッカ（赤鬼）‘Makka’ (all red) chase the children of the town and when he catches them they get a savage hit with a stick.
Sometimes the demon will also attempt to kidnap the child.
The only thing that can abate the demon is if the child promises to be good from now on. Parents even willingly give their child up to be beaten and kidnapped.
This tradition, native to Koyaura is over 100 years old. ...
- source : grapee.jp/en... -


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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

............................................................................ Aichi 愛知県

In Aichi (Mikawa 三河) there are many oni matsuri オニマツリ, all held on the 15th day of the New Year.
At the shrine Boo jinja 某神社 Bo Jinja in 豊橋市東八丁 Toyohashi
At 三河幡豆郡某村 Mikawa Hazugun in various villages
In Nagoya the さねさこ祭 Sanesako Matsuri.
This timing is related to the Sagicho fire rituals.
. sagichoo 左義長 Sagicho Rituals .

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名古屋市 Nagoya 熱田区 Atsuta

. 大薬師の鬼祭 "Festival of the Demons of Yakushi Nyorai" .
高蔵不動院 Takakura Fudo-In

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豊橋 Toyohashi

Toyohashi Oni Matsuri 豊橋鬼祭
豊橋市の安久美神戸神明社 Akumi-Kambe Shinmeisha - on February 10 and 11
豊橋神明社


masks of Tengu (L), Kuro-oni (C) and Aka-oni (R)

- quote -
The Demon Festival has been carried on since around 940 in the Heian period (794-1192)
and was designated a National Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property in 1980.
On the festival eve (Feb.10), it's started with Iwato-no-mai dance.
The heros and heroines of this day are boys and girls.
The main event of this festival is called "Aka-oni to Tengu no Karakai /rivalry between Aka-oni (Red Demon) and Tengu (long-nosed goblin)".
(literal meaning of karakai is raillery, but it's totally rivalry)
The story performed by the red demon and Tengu has come from Japanese mythology.
A destructive god ( Susanoo-no-mikoto = red demon) appeared in Takamagahara (lit. "high heavenly plain", where gods live) and destroyed the granaries.
A god of martial arts (Sarutahiko-no-mikoto = Tengu) fought to chasten and straighten him out.
Then all the gods felt happy and danced kagura.
People innovated dengaku performances, which soaked up this story, to a Shinto ritual festival, and to pray for a rich harvest and prosperity.
Aka-oni walks zigzag (Zigzag walking symbolizes lightning. Lightning is caused by Oni on a cloud by the Japanese folk tales)
***
During the climax of this festival,
Red Demon repeatedly provokes battle with Tengu, but is defeated.
He escapes from the shrine yard and runs around the town scattering tankiri-ame (candies made from grain powders) and white grain powder over the visitors to drive out the evil.
Kuro-oni (Black Devil = Ame-no-koyame-no-mikoto of the mythology) fills the role of judge.
It is said that if you are showered with this powder or eat tankiri-ame, you will not get ill during the summer.
Lots of visitors are excited to get tankiri-ame and a powder shower.
- Details of the festival and photos :
- source : kikuko-nagoya.com/html/onimatsuri-toyohashi-



- More masks from the Oni Festival and Aichi
- reference source : tees.ne.jp/~itsukit/Gallery2... -

. Tengu from Aichi .

赤鬼と天狗のからかい Aka-Oni and Tengu having a bout
- - - - - Link with many photos :
- reference source : toyohashionimatsuri.web... -

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岡崎市 Okazaki

滝山寺鬼祭 Takisan-Ji Oni Matsuri
愛知県岡崎市滝町山籠107 / Yamagomori-107 Takichō, Okazaki-shi, Aichi



Three Oni masks of 婆面　Grandmother, 爺面　Grandfather and 孫面　Grandchild Demon





............................................................................ Ehime 愛媛県
北宇和郡 Kitauwa district 吉田町 Yoshida

. Uwajima Ushi-oni matsuri 宇和島牛鬼祭り Uwajima Ushi-oni festival .



............................................................................ Miyazaki 宮崎県

. Onioi matsuri, oni-oi matsuri　鬼追い祭り .
at Kumano shrine 熊野神社, Soo town 曽於市, Miyazaki


............................................................................ Saga 佐賀県
藤津郡 Fujitsu district 太良町 Tara

竹崎観世音寺修正会鬼祭 At the temple Takezaki Kanzeon-Ji
佐賀県藤津郡太良町大字大浦甲竹崎248

Te 修正会 Shusho-E ritual in the night of the fifth day of the New Year.
Demons who live on the sea off Takezaki and the demon masks which are kept prisoner in a box (onibako 鬼箱) in the Kannon Hall try to get out on the fifth day of the New Year and call out to each other to overthrow the island. To prevent this, the villagers have to shout even louder to protect their island - the orabigoe おらび声 heavenly voice.
The villagers are only clad in a fundoshi ふんどし loincloth, so this is a famous hadaka matsuri 裸祭 naked vestival.


If someone opens this Onibako, hes eyes will get sick soon or he will get a high fever. So nobody ever dared to open this box.


diashooboo, osaki ダイショウボウ，オサキ
竹崎観音堂で毎年陰暦の１月５日の夜から６日にかけてお粉荒れる鬼祭りで用いられるダイショウボウ（樫の生木の棒）は、夜道に杖として使うと俗耳には聞えないダイショウ、ダイショウ、という叫びによってオサキなどの妖魔を退散させる。この棒を取ったものは一年中降伏にみまわれる。

。竹崎地区の未婚の未婚の若者男子は「鬼之忌屋」という若者宿に入り、既婚男子は宿老宿に入る。若者組からは4名の鬼副（オンゼイ）が選ばれる。追儺の行法の鬼追い、童子舞などに特色がある。

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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -

- books -
柳星甫 : 鬼祭
伊藤一郎 : 佐賀県大浦村竹崎観音堂の鬼祭

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk Art from Japan .

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oni no karada body features

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- - - - - oni no ha - teeth of an Oni - see below - - - - -
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oni no karada 鬼の体 body features of an Oni Demon
oni no shintai　鬼の身体 - oni no sugata　鬼の姿　
Oni are born out of the imagination of human beings - they have the physical characteristics of things humans fear, mostly in animals.
Their appearance changed during the long history of Japan, from the Heian period to our present popular Setsubun-Oni.

- quote -
Depictions of oni vary widely but usually portray them as hideous, gigantic ogre-like creatures with sharp claws, wild hair, and two long horns growing from their heads. They are humanoid for the most part, but occasionally, they are shown with unnatural features such as odd numbers of eyes or extra fingers and toes. Their skin may be any number of colors, but red and blue are particularly common.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !




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- 頭　Head -

kao 顔　face
often square and quite large.

kami 髪 hair
Growing like weeds, like yomogi 蓬 mugwort,



. tsuno　鬼の角　the horns of Oni demons .
some have two, some have one and some have no horns

. me　鬼の目, 鬼の眼 / medama 鬼の目玉 eyes of an Oni .
mitsume no oni 三つ目の鬼 Demon with three eyes

kuchi 口 mouth
Sometimes as wide as to both ears. Some Oni have no mouth.

shita 舌 tongue
Like a fiery flame.

ha 鬼の歯 oni no ha, teeth of an oni / kiba 牙 fangs - see below



- hand and feet -



te 手　- yubi to tsume hands - fingers and nails
Nails are like swords and quite long.

ashi 足　- yubi to tsume feet - toes and nails
Some have four or three toes. Like those of birds, with long nails.




takasa 背の高さ body height - about as high as a castle gate


. hone　鬼の骨 the bones of Oni demons .
- including atama　頭 scull (head)

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. kanaboo, kanabō 鬼に金棒 Kanabo, the iron club of an Oni .
- Oni ni kanabo


. oni no koshimaki 鬼の腰巻 - oni no fundoshi 鬼の褌
oni no pantsu 鬼のパンツ pants of an oni - loincloth .
- tiger pants - 虎柄のパンツ


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oni no miira　鬼のミイラ mummy of an Oni


At the temple 勝福寺 Shofuku-Ji in 大阪 Osaka, there is a mummy of an oni. It has two horns, three fingers and three toes.



四日市 - 十宝山大乗院 Yokkaichi, Daijo-In, Kyushu
- reference -


and more in other temples of Japan - tba
. . . CLICK here for more Photos !


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ha, oni no ha 鬼の歯 teeth of an oni / kiba 牙 fangs



Some Oni show fangs upward, some downward, some have one fang up and one fang down.
Many masks also have a closed mouth.

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Emori えもり瀬兵衛 （せへえ） Emori Seei
Emori was able to buy something special. He got a tooth from a person living in 八丈島 Hachiojima, where the original inhabitants were said to be Oni.
The tooth was about 3 cm long and 6 cm wide.

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When a child looses an upper tooth, it has to throw it under the veranda and chant
nezumi no ha to tokkaero 鼠の歯ととっかえろ Change this into the tooth of a mouse.
When it looses a lower tooth, it has to throw in on the roof and chant
oni no ha to tokkaero 鬼の歯ととっかえろ Change this into the tooth of an Oni.
Thus the new tooth will grow strong and healthy.


................................................................................. Fukushima 福島県

If a child looses a tooth, it has to throw it under the veranda or on the roof and chant:
オレの歯は先生えろ、鬼の歯は後生えろ Let my tooth grow first. Let the tooth of an Oni grow later.


................................................................................. Hyogo 兵庫県

Sutten Doji 酒顛童子 / スッテンドウジ Shuten Doji
Shuten Doji was beheaded by Minamoto Yorimitsu and his head flew up into the sky. Then it came down and landed on the helmet of Yorimitsu. With his strong teeth of an Oni it started to bite off the layers of the helmet and almost succeeded, leaving just one layer before it was chased away.

. Shuten Dooji 酒呑童子 Shuten Doji "Sake Child" Demon .
Shuten Dōji 酒顛童子, 酒天童子, 朱点童子 Saka Doji


................................................................................. Iwate 岩手県
気仙郡 Kesen district

When Sakanoue no Tamuramaro drove out the demon of this region, the teeth of this Oni were left over.
The boss of the native 蝦夷 Emishi group was called 赤頭 Akagashira. - alias Aterui アテルイ / 悪路王 Akuro-O / Acro-O 阿弖流爲 (? - 802)


赤頭 Head of Akagashira

and his oni no kiba 鬼の牙 demon teeth


Tamuramaro built a grave for Akagashira and offered a statue of Kannon Bosatsu to appease his soul. This is now at the temple 竜福山・長谷寺 Hasedera.
When they dug out the grave in 1704, they found 33 teeth in the skull of this Akagashira Oni.
ケセンの鬼の国 Kesen is the land of the Oni.

. Sakanoue no Tamuramaro 坂上田村麻呂 (758 - 811) .
- and his fight with the Emishi Demons in Iwate


................................................................................. Nagano 長野県
小県郡 Chiisagata district

The story about the onishi 鬼石 Oni Stone in 東内村 Higashi-Uchimura.

. onishi 鬼石 Oni Stone - places in Japan .


................................................................................. Tochigi 栃木県
宇都宮市 Utsunomiya city

If a child looses a tooth, it has to throw it under the veranda or on the roof and chant:
鬼の歯より私の歯のほうが先に生えろ Let my tooth grow before the one of the Oni.


................................................................................. Tokushima 徳島県
鳴門市 Naruto city 北灘 Kitanada / 撫養町 Muyacho

The local Oni heard to Buddhist lectures of Saint Honen, abdicated his bad ways, wrote a Buddhist name on his horns and threw his body down a cliff.
To appease his soul, the temple 鬼骨寺 Kikotsu-Ji "Temple of Demon Bones" was built.
The temple 法泉寺 Hosen-Ji venerates his myoogo 名号 Myogo, Buddhist name, the horns 鬼角.
The temple 西福寺 Saijuku-Ji venerates 鬼の歯 his teeth.

. Kikotsuji 鬼骨寺 Kikotsu-Ji "Temple of Demon Bones" .

. Hoonen 法然上人 Saint Honen (1133 - 1212) .
Founder of Pure Land Buddhism


................................................................................. Yamanashi 山梨県

If people loose a tooth, they chant
鬼の歯と取り替えてくれ Let the new one become a tooth of an Oni.

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山梨県河内地方 Kawachi district

Food called "oni no ha"
On the last day of the year people prepare cooked rice with barley, called oni no ha 鬼の歯.

. mugimeshi 麦飯 rice with barley .

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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楓林に落せし鬼の歯なるべし
fuurin ni otoseshi oni no ha naru beshi

in the maple forest
they fall down and become
teeth of an Oni

. 高浜虚子 Takahama Kyoshi .
(1874 - 1959)




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- - - - - 鬼歯（おにば） oniba - types of human teeth and tools - - - - -

牙のように生えた歯。→八重歯 double tooth
通常より多く生えた歯。→過剰歯 hyperdontia
出生時に既に生えている歯。→先天歯 congenital tooth

籾を落とすのに使われる農具の一種。→鬼歯 (農具) a farm tool
鋸の最先端に位置する鋸歯。鬼を引き裂くように強い歯という意味に由来するともいう。part of a saw
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !



鬼歯 (農具) a farm tool for hulling rice



鬼切歯 onikiriba - part of a saw for forest workers
In former times, the first tooth of the forest saw was added as a kind of amulet to prevent bad things from happening in the forest.


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鬼の姿
- reference source : fushigi-chikara.jp/sonota -

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. - - - Join the Onipedia friends on facebook ! - - - .

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk Art from Japan .

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Omagatoki demon dusk

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oomagatoki, Ōmagatoki 逢魔時 / 大禍時 "demon dusk"
. oomagadoki オーマガドキ, Ōmagadoki, Omagadoki

. kure 暮れ dusk, nightfall, twilight .
tasogaredoki たそがれどき, 黄昏
In former times there were no street lights and it was difficult to see the faces of people when you walked at nightfall. Still not yet the time for a lantern to find your way. So when people met, they would exchange a greeting:
Taso kare wa? 誰そ、彼は (dare daroo, are wa?) "Who is this?". Taso kare ... became tasogare in the course of time, now loaded with the feeling of loneliness and melancholy.



- quote -
Ōmagatoki - referring to the moment at dusk when the sky grows dark. Opposite of akatsuki (暁) dawn.
It has specific meanings for the two ways of writing it:
first, 逢魔時 "the time of meeting yōkai, yūrei, and dark creatures"; and
second, 大禍時 "the time of great calamity".

In Illustrated One Hundred Demons from the Present and the Past, Toriyama Sekien described ōmagatoki as the time when chimimōryō, the evil spirits of the mountains and rivers, attempt to materialize in the world.



Chimimōryō, chimi mooryoo 魑魅魍魎 Chimi Moryo
is a term, originated from China dating roughly 2,500 years in ancient chronicles such as the Zuo Zhuan, referring to monsters of the mountains and monsters of the rivers. It refers to various kinds of obake and things changed into yōkai.
"chimi" (魑魅) refers to the monsters of the mountains, and
"mōryō" (魍魎) refers to the monsters of the river,
and so the word "chimimōryō" is often used to refer to all monsters of the mountains and rivers. Furthermore, the word "minori" was also used for this. For this to be used to mean a "ripening" (minoru) oni has been used in various regions since ancient times.
..... a 魑 is a mountain god that took on the shape of a tiger, and
..... a 魅 is a swamp or marsh god taking on a shape with the head of a beast, and it is surmised that from this, what the word was seen to mean expanded to encompass beasts of various attributes.
- - - - - Chimi are said to be monsters that come about from strange atmosphere (miasma) in mountains and forests. Taking on an appearance with the face of a human, and the body of a beast, they would perplex humans. In the dictionary Wamyō Ruijushō from the Heian period, they were considered to be a type of oni under the Japanese name 魑魅 / "sudama", and in the Edo period encyclopedia, the Wakan Sansai Zue, they were seen to be mountain gods (Yama-no-Kami).
- - - - - Mōryō were considered to be spirits from mountains and rivers, and trees and rocks. They would come forth from the life energy of mountains, water, trees, rocks, and all kinds of things in nature, and fool humans. Additionally, they are also said to eat the dead, have the appearance of a child, stand on 2 feet, have dark red skin, have red eyes, long ears, beautiful hair, and a voice that resembles that of a human. With this kind of appearance, they are thought to be oni. In the Wakan Sansai Zue, they are considered water gods (Suijin), and in the ancient Chinese book Zuo Zhuan, they are considered to be gods of swamps and marshes.
- reference source : wikipedia -




魑魅魍魎 - 妖怪巡礼怪奇地図
山口敏太郎 Yamaguchi Bintaro (1966 - )
- 北海道・洞爺湖のトッシーを追う 大沼のサイ伝説 毎夜鳴き声がこだまする〝泣き木〝 岩手・座敷わらし伝説 なまはげ伝承の地 青森・キリストの墓 京都・土蜘蛛の塚 安倍清明神社 一条戻り橋 熊本・河童上陸の地 東京・帝都東京妖怪スポット

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. Yama no Kami　山の神 God of the Mountains .

. Mizu no Kami 水の神 God of the Water .

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

................................................................................. Nagano 長野県 and Niigata 新潟県

. Chikumagwa 千曲川と伝説 Legends about the river Chikumagawa .
オーマガドキ


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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -


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卯の花や逢魔時の通り雨
unohana ya oomagatoki no toori-ame

deutzia blossoms -
a passing rain shower
at demon dusk

Naitoo Toten 内藤吐天 Naito Toten (1900 - 1976)

. u no hana, unohana 卯の花 deutzia blossoms .
- kigo for early summer -

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逢魔時色褪せし薔薇に雨灑ぐ
oomagatoki iro-aseshi bara ni ame sosogu

demon dusk -
rain splatters on the roses
with faded colors

Naitoo Toten 内藤吐天 Naito Toten (1900 - 1976)



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Chimi Mouryou - webcomic by Rasenth


source : cmmr.smackjeeves.com


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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk Art from Japan .

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Fudo Myo-O and Oni

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .
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Fudo Myo-O 不動明王と鬼伝説　Oni Demon Legends and Fudo

. 不動明王 Fudo Myo-O - Acala - Vidyaraja .
- Introduction -

jaki o fumu Fudo Myo-O 邪鬼を踏む不動明王
Fudo Myo-O stepping on a Jaki demon





- The complete scroll is here :
- source : yahoo auctions June 2017 -

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

............................................................................ Aichi 愛知県
名古屋市 Nagoya 熱田区 Atsuta

高蔵不動院 Takakura Fudo-In - O-Yakushi no Oni Matsuri 大薬師の鬼祭 Demon Festival
During the Shusho-E 修正会 rituals on the fifth day of the New Year at the Temple Takakura Fudo-In there is a ritual called
O-Yakushi no Oni Matsuri, "Festival of the Demons of Yakushi Nyorai". 12 men from nearby Atsuta, aged 25 and 42 are chosen to participate as Oni. On leap years there are 13 men.
The demon masks of the temple are made of strong thick paper and ward off evil influence for the coming year. The masks are imitations of the one's from the "Bull Festival of Kyoto" 京都牛祭 (太秦の牛祭).


............................................................................ Akita 秋田県
山本郡 Yamamoto district 二ツ井町 Futatsui Machi

鬼神集落 Onigami village
The protector deity of this village is called オボシナサマ Oboshina Sama (Fudo Myo-O).

Its festival is on the 28th day of the 3rd lunar month, now on May 8. On the evening before the festival people put their boiled vegetables in a Bento lunch box and meet at the shrine, to eat it all together. They are not allowed to eat any meat on this occasion.
Then in 1956 some brave one eat some meat and what do you say - the next day was a huge fire in the hamlet and 17 homes burned down.


............................................................................ Kyoto 京都府
加佐郡　Kasa district 大江町 Oe Machi

Shuten Dooji 酒呑童子 Shuten Doji / 不動堂 Fudo-Do Hall

Onigajaya, Oni-Ga-Chaya 鬼ヶ茶屋


- reference source : city.fukuchiyama.kyoto.jp/onihaku .. onityaya -

Near the place where the remains of the mansion of Shuten Doji are supposed to be there is a huge boulder. There is also a place where the river flows upstream when the demons wash the bloody robes; this is where the villagers later they build the 不動堂 Fudo Hall below the waterfall 千丈ヶ滝下 Senjogataki.
Even further up in the mountain, where Shuten Doji was defeated by Raiko Yorimitsu there is now the shrine
鬼獄神社 Onitake Jinja / 鬼嶽稲荷神社 Onitake Inari Jinja.
Raiko had prepared Shinben Kidokushu 神便鬼毒酒 a special rice wine with poison for the Oni and was thus able to kill it.

Oni-take Inari Jinja 京都府福知山市大江町北原 Fukuchiyama, Kyoto
. Shuten Dooji 酒呑童子 Shuten Doji "Sake Child" Demon .


Onitake-Inari Jinja Shrine at the 8th station of Mt.Oe. With a beautiful view of the sea of clouds in Autumn.


............................................................................ Miyagi 宮城県
玉造郡 Tamatsukuri district 鳴子町 Naruko

鬼首村 Onikobe village (Demon Head Village)　
Once upon a time
a demon wanted to enter the village of Onikobe, but Fudo killed him and burned the body.
From the ashes arose many many many mosquitoes which to our day suck the blood of the people.


............................................................................ Nara 奈良県
生駒市 Ikoma 鬼取町　Onitori Cho

En no Gyoja met a couple of Oni who were eating humans. He asked them not to do that any more but they did not listen to him. He hid in a cave but they wanted to give him human flesh to eat even there.
Then 不動明王　Fudo Myo-O comes along and pressured the couple not to eat humans any more. Now they promised to change their ways.
Zenki went to 洞川 Dorogawa (now a famous hot spring), and Goki went to 十津川 Totsukawa .

At 生駒山 Mount Ikomasan、En no Gyoja had a dream given to him by 孔雀明 Kujaku Myo-O.
He should capture the two Oni from the foot of Ikomasan and turn them into decent beings. He stayed in prayer for 21 days and on the last day, with 不動緊縛の法 Fudo Kinboku, a special ritual of Fudo Myo-O he could capture them.
So the Oni cut off their hair and became the pious disciples of En no Gyoja.

The mountain is now called Onitorisan 鬼取山 "Mountain of capturing the Demons",
and the village is still called that way, 鬼取 Onitori.

 . Zenki 前鬼 and his wife Goki 後鬼 .



............................................................................ Oita 大分県
直入郡 Naoiri district Yamaga

Fudo Iwa 不動岩 Fudo Rock
Once upon a time,
the bottom of the 阿蘇の盆地 Plain of Aso was a lake.
A demon tried to fill the lake with earch and carried earth to the place, but he broke the pole of his carrier. The earth fell down and this became 上萩岳 Upper Ogidake mountain and下萩岳 Lower Ogidake mountain.
The Demon became angry and pressed against the boulder 不動岩 Fudo-Iwa but could not move it. Since that time, there are the remains of the demon's head, back and both hands on the boulder.

. Oita 大分県の鬼伝説　Oni Demon Legends .



This formation was named in the Heian Period by a mountain ascetic who venerated Fudo Myo-O here. It has three Fudo Rocks, the front, middle and back Fudo. The highest Front Fudo, Mae Fudo 前不動 is 80 meters high and more than 100 meters in circumference.

There are three huge rocks on this hill in Yamaga city which are collectively called "Fudo Iwa" which means literally immovable rocks. These rocks are individually known as: Mae-Fudo, Naka-Fudo, and Ato-Fudo.
Mae-Fudo is the biggest one, and from here you have a great view of mountain and sunset.

There is a story about these rocks that once upon a time,
Fudo-Iwa and Hikodake (Mt. Hiko, located in Yamaga city) were step-brothers. Their mother always treated only Fudo-Iwa with affection because she gave birth to him, but treated the other Hikodake harshly.
One day,
the mother told them to try the pulling rope game with their neck. She said, I will give the family treasure of 3 balls handed down for long time to the winner. When they started the game, because he was always eating soft and tasty beans the head of Fudo-Iwa came off easily and fell into the Kubishi Pass where it remains turned into stone.
Now it is said
that the rest of the body of Fudo-Iwa is the Fudo Iwa at present. Because Hikodake was always eating hard beans, he grew so big and tough. There is a footpath around here to enjoy walking while looking at the seasonal flowers until you reach to the observatory.
. Fudoo Iwa 不動岩 Fudo Rocks - Introcuction .



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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -

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不動明王の邪鬼退治図 Fudo driving out the Jaki


source : subarukouboushop.hamazo.tv


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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk Art from Japan .

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Yoki Yokai Demons

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. yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - ABC-List .
. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .
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yooki 妖鬼 Yoki - Yokai Monster Demon

The Chinese characters indicate beings that are part 妖 Yokai monsters and part 鬼 Oni Demons.
They include human beings that turned into demons
. kijin - onibito オニビト / 鬼人と伝説　"human demon" Legends .

kaii, kai-i 怪異 strange things
another expression often used with Yokai and Demons.


- source : 怪異妖怪伝承データベース　-

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妖鬼化 （むじゃら）Mujara
Mizuki Shigeru 水木しげる
Series of 12 volumes, introducing Yoki monster demons.









- quote -
The Life and Death of Shigeru Mizuki
Mizuki was much more than a comic artist. He was a philosopher. A visionary. A bon vivant of the everyday. Japan’s most important folklorist since Yanagita Kunio, Mizuki wrote and illustrated an 12-volume series of world folklore called Mujara that earned him membership in the Japanese Society of Cultural Anthropology.
- source : Zack Davisson -

. Mizuki Shigeru 水木しげる .


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Yookihi Den 妖鬼妃伝 Legend of Princess Yokihi
美内すずえ Miuchi Suzue



. Yookihi 楊貴妃 Yokihi - Princess Yang Gui Fei .
a famous Chinese beauty

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haku yooki 白妖鬼 The White Yoki
高橋克彦 Takahashi Katsuhito



A historical novel about the Heian period, where special 陰陽師 Onmyoshi demon experts had to protect the capital of Heiankyo.
The hero Yuge no Koreo 弓削是雄 had to go all the way to 陸奥 Mutsu in Tohoku to fight with 烏天狗 Karasu Tengu.


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羅生門の妖鬼 Rashomon no Yoki
Movie from 1956 by Kiyoshi Saeki Kiyoshi



. The Demon of Rashomon 羅生門の鬼 .


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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .


............................................................................................................ Gifu 岐阜県
..............................................................................................................................................
郡上郡 Gujo district

yooki 妖鬼 Yoki - Yoki Demon / 鬼人 Kijin Human Demon



This legend dates back more than 900 years.
. unagi to oni 鰻 the Eel and yooki 妖鬼 the Monster Demon .
Fujiwara no Takamitsu 藤原高光 (939 - 994)
瓢ヶ岳 Mount Fukubegatake (1,159 m)

. Gujo Kaido 郡上街道 Gujo Highway .
From 岐阜市加納 Gifu city, Kano to the 大師堂 Daishi Do Hall in 石徹白 Itoshiro.



............................................................................................................ Hyogo 兵庫県

Tengu 天狗 - kaii 怪異 strange things
In the mountains of Tanba 丹波 Tamba the Tengu have their own "road" and if people happen to built a home there, they will be cursed.
The Confucian scholar 伊藤仁斎 Ito Jinsai (1627 - 1705) once built his home there, but every night there was a huge noise and rumbling and he could not live there.
He sold the home to someone who did not know about this (and Jinzai did not tell him either) but - oh wonder - it all kept quiet with the new owner.

- quote -
Itō Jinsai (伊藤仁斎, August 30, 1627, Kyoto, Japan – April 5, 1705, Kyoto),
who also went by the pen name Keisai, was a Japanese Confucian philosopher and educator. He is considered to be one of the most influential Confucian scholars of seventeenth century Japan, and the Tokugawa period (1600–1868) generally, his teachings flourishing especially in Kyoto and the Kansai area through the final years of the Tokugawa shogunate.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !




............................................................................................................ Kyoto 京都府

bakemono yashiki 妖怪宅地 home with monsters - kaii 怪異 strange things
In Kyoto there was a home with monsters (化物屋敷 bakemono yashiki). When the owner tried to lend it to someone, ever for very cheap, after 5 or 10 days a Yoki would make its appearance and scare them away.
Once a scholar with a strong mind lived there and for 2, 3 months all kept quiet. Later sometimes when he washed his hands outside in the hand basin, the Yoki would grab his hand, but that was all.




............................................................................................................ Miyagi 宮城県
白井市 Shiroi town 斎川 Saigawa

hitokami-zawa 人噛み沢 swamp biting humans
The 荒沢 Arasawa swamp is West of the swamp 馬主沼 (horse-master swamp).
They say there lives a Yoki which bites humans to death.


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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
- reference - 妖鬼　-

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

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onigokko onibarai

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- for tsuina, see below -
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onigokko, oni-gokko 鬼ごっこ game of tag
onigoto 鬼ごと

Tag is a playground game that involves two or more players chasing other players in an attempt to "tag" or touch them, usually with their hands.
This game was already popular in the Edo period, in a version called :
ko o toro ko toro 子をとろ子とろ / 子を捕ろ子捕ろ "get hold of a child, get it!"


守貞漫稿 Morisada Manko

One player is the Oni, one is the parent and all the others are children. The children try to hide behind the parent. The Oni tries to grab the last child in line. The parent spreads out his arms and tries to ward off the Oni.
As they run, the row of children begins to sway like a serpent or a whirlpool.


source : Waseda University Library

幼童遊び子をとろ子とろ osana asobi ko o toro ko toro
歌川広重 Utagawa Hiroshige

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This game has a long history, all the way to Hell,
where 地蔵菩薩　Jizo Bosatsu is trying to lead the poor souls out of hell, past the Oni guardian.



.......................................................................

During the Heian period, there was a ritual at the court called
onibarai no gishiki 鬼払いの儀式 "driving out the demons"
oniyarai 鬼遣らい
which is seen as the beginning of Onigokko.
This ritual was performed as a prayer for 五穀豊穣 gokoku hojo, the fertility of the five grains and thus a good harvest.
It was a ritual do drive out eki oni, eki ki 疫鬼（えきき）〔エキオニ〕 Oni bringing disease.

There was also a chasing game called
hifukume　ひふくめ　－ ヒ＋フ＋クメ : One Two and Three
久米（来目）とは「三（みつ）.hi fu kume

- quote -
In the beginning of the Heian period, Hososhi who appears and runs around at new year eve’s court function “Oni-yarai” in the greater palace is considered the origin of any stories about “Oni”, which stands for a devil. His manner reminds us of the familiar “Onigokko” that the “Oni” chases children, while “Oni” is emphasized with objection, it is overlapped as one of the old “Onigokko” named “Kakure-Oni” (Hidden Oni).

By contrast, in the Edo period, there was “Hifukume” who appears in Kottoshu, Santokyo-den (an old literature).

In the middle of Heian period, when a Buddhist monk called Eshin Sozu Genshin preaches people, he used a format that Jizo Bosatsu protects against “Oni” who chases children.
Whether or no, these three elements of “Parent”, “Children”, “Oni” hold an important fact in the game, and it is easy to imagine that the game was spread around for the children naturally.

And now, “Hifukume” comes down to “Kotoro kotoro” more than it was expected.


Here is a picture of a swallow playing “Kotorokotoro”, drawn by Hiroshige Ando, from late Edo period when Ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints) established one culture. It is a surprising fact that Ukiyoe artist Hiroshige drew it, but fresh looking swallow’s faces are attractive.

There is almost no children who know about “Kotorokotoro” as a game nowadays. I have a sense of crisis about the situation that “Onigokko” which came down from the Heian period and in which parents protect children, or “Onigokko” that is a tool to know community and the way of contacting people to people is disappearing even though it is a most well-known one.


- Internatinal Onigokko Association - Onigotter Japan -
- reference source : onigokko.or.jp - 鬼ごっこ協会公式へようこそ

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. Genshin　源信　Eshin Soozu 恵心僧都 Eshin Sozu (942-1017).


. Oni yarai 秩父神社の鬼やらい Driving out the Demons at Chichibu Shrine .
oniyarai, oni-yarai 鬼やらい

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tsuina 追儺 "demon exorcism"
Devil-Expelling Ceremony


source : takara.city.matsumoto.nagano.jp
Tsuina mask from Matsumoto, Nagano
from the temple 牛伏寺


tsuina rituals were performed by the Emperor and the royal princes since the early Heian period at the court and important Shrines on 大晦日（旧暦12月30日 the last day of the Old Year, the 30th day of the 12th lunar month.
They were also called
onibarai no gishiki 鬼払いの儀式, 「oniyarai, oni yarai 鬼やらい」（鬼遣らい、鬼儺などとも表記）
「nayarai, na yarai 儺（な）やらい」

Setsubun has its origins in tsuina (追儺), a Chinese custom introduced to Japan in the eighth century.
. Setsubun rituals 節分、February 03　 .

hoosooshi, hōsōshi 方相氏（ほうそうし）Hososhi, demon exorcist
ootoneri 大舎人（おおとねり））
shinshi 侲子（しんし） helping the Hososhi

The Hososhi wears a special robe called hoo 袍（ほう) and a mask with four eyes.


source : popeye.sakura.ne.jp/kyoto
mask amulet from Shrine 吉田神社 Yoshida Jinja
The Hososhi with the original golden mask with four red eyes was not only driving out the demons, but also the 疫神 Deity who brought illness.
In his right hand he held 矛 a three-pronged lancet, in the left hand 楯 a shield.
The demons were followed by men with bows and arrows to drive them out.

In the beginning the Hososhi was expelling the demons, but since the 9th century, things begun to change and he was seen as the Oni to be driven out.

.......................................................................


吉田神社追儺 Yoshida Jinja no Tsuina

- quote -
Eliminating Demons, Praying for Happiness
"Tsuina-shiki" at Yoshida Jinja Shrine in Kyoto
"Tsuina-shiki" or a traditional ceremony for warding off evil was held the evening of February 2, the eve of "Setsubun," or the day before spring begins, at Yoshida Jinja Shrine, in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto. Watching violent demons being exorcized in the bitter chill, visitors prayed for happiness this year.

Tsuina-shiki
has its roots in the ceremony originally performed in the Imperial Court during the Heian Period. Also called "Oni Yarai," it is observed in many temples and shrines around the day of "Setsubun."
Shortly after 6:00 p.m.,
three demons, which symbolize anger, sorrow and agony, appeared in front of the main shrine. As they roared and brandished iron clubs, young children's cries rang from among the visitors. "Hososhi," or a person who is believed to possess the power to discern evil demons with his four eyes, hunted the demons down. Finally, visitors cheered excitedly as court nobles drove them off by shooting arrows.
- source : e.kyoto-np.jp/news... -



onna setsubun 女節分Setsubun for women

. Yoshida Jinja 吉田神社 - Kyoto .

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- quote -
- - - - - Oni
... According to Zeami's Fushikaden, oni appearing in Noh drama are either vengeful spirits (onryō) who possess human beings, or demons of hell. As the visible forms of oni were represented as misshapen and weird beings, popular iconography of oni was influenced by graphic portrayals of hell demons and "hungry ghosts," as well as by the four-eyed Chinese zhuīnuó (Jp. tsuina) masks worn by the demon exorcists called fangxiàng (Jp. hōsōshi).
Such rites of "demon exorcism" or tsuina were incorporated into the Buddhist rites of Shushōe and Shunie (Omizutori) held early in the New Year; these rites featured exorcisms of demons using the power of Buddhist tutelaries such as Bishamon and heavenly bodhisattvas (hiten).
These rites became popular observances on the last day of winter (setsubun), and resulted in the formation of stereotypical demon images such as Shutendōji.
- source : Kawamura Kunimitsu, Kokugakuin 2005 -

During the tsuina rituals, people call out three times
oni yaroo 「鬼やろう」 (Demons get out!)
Especially in the Shrines of Kyoto, and the Heian Jingu .


source : discoverkyoto.com/event-calendar/february

... At 14:00, people representing warriors, onmyōji diviners, and the demon quelling oni Hōsōshi participate in the Daina no Gi, an exorcism once performed at the Imperial Palace in the Heian period. Men wearing fearsome ogre masks burst into the shrine and "terrorize" the assembled people from the courtyard, making their way to the main hall veranda where the oni leader does a victorious dance. However, shrine parishioners appear to banish the oni with lucky beans in a tradition called mamemaki (bean throwing), chasing them back out the shrine gates shouting "oni wa soto, fuku wa uchi" ("bad luck out, good luck in").
The Daina-no-Gi is a re-creating the Tsuina ceremony.

祭文が読み上げられると方相氏が前に進み、矛と盾を打ち、「鬼やろう」と３度繰り返します。
- reference and photos : milky.geocities.jp/kyotonosato/setubun -



方相氏（平安神宮） Hososhi from Heian Jingu


. Heian Jinguu 平安神宮 Shrine Heian Jingu - Kyoto .


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- quote -
The Ritual Firing of Arrows at the beginning of the year
..... The Azusa Yumi (catalpa wood bow) was an essential tool in Japanese Shamanism for excorcizing evil, and shooting ritual arrows was an important part of the Imperial Court`s New Year`s Eve Purification Rituals during the Heian Period- The Tsuina ( which was introduced from China).
- source : blog.alientimes.org... yabusame -

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- quote -
Tsuinashiki 追儺式　/　ついなしき
2 Hachiman-cho, Naka-ku, Hamamatsushi, Shizuoka
At Hachimangu Shrine in Naka Ward, Hamamatsu City, the Tsuinashiki is held on February 2nd every year. This ceremony, in which an embodiment of the gods called the housoushi drives out evil spirits that bring misfortune, was adopted from China, and as a reproduction of the ritual performed imperial court in the Heian Period, it is the basis of the modern day Setsubun.
... The Tsuinashiki begins with a Shinto ritual, following which red, blue, and yellow oni appear, rampaging through the grounds swinging around metal clubs.
... The housoushi (Hososhi) and the children supporting him, played by local children, chase the oni around the shrine grounds and drive them away. The housoushi is armed with a trident and shield, and wears a four-eyed mask and a red costume.

Finally,
a character representing an Imperial messenger fires an arrow called the tsuina from the top of the shrine into the grounds. This arrow drives away evil spirits, so the spectators bustle about the grounds trying to find it and pick it up.
- source : inhamamatsu.com/culture/cat627/2/tsuinashiki... -

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

................................................................................. Saga 佐賀県
藤津郡 Fujitsu district 太良町 Tara

In the town district 竹崎地区 Takezaki there is a special Demon ritual on the 5th and 6th day of the New Year.
Shusei-E Oni Matsuri 修正会鬼祭 / Hadaka matsuri 裸祭 "Naked Festival"
Young men not yet married gather in a meeting place called Oni no imiya 鬼之忌屋.
Men already married gather at the 宿老宿.
Among the young men four are selected as 鬼副（オンゼイ) Onizei.
They perform a Tsuina ritual, 鬼追い Onioi and special dances.



- quote -
Local legend has it that a force from the south once tried to invade Tara. The villagers wore demon masks to scare the intruders, and won the skirmish.
-
First Saturday and Sunday in January
Takezaki Avalokitesvara revision meeting oni festival (竹崎観世音修正会鬼祭 takezaki kanzeon shūseikai oni matsuri):
A hadaka matsuri at Takezaki Kanzeon temple wherein men dressed in loincloths try to stop a man dressed as an oni, who carries a box. The men then pull at the oni and shred the red kimono the oni wears. There is also a dance by boys in costumes.
- source : wikipedia -

- reference source : 竹崎観世音寺修正会鬼祭 -
Takezaki Kanzeon-Ji Shusho-E Oni Matsuri

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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. eki oni 〔エキオニ〕// eki ki, eki-ki 疫鬼（えきき） Oni bringing disease .
Yakubyoogami 疫病神 Yakubyogami, Deity of Diseases // ekijin, yakujin 疫神


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source : ameblo.jp/onigokko-kyoukai/entry


. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

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千葉県 Chiba

During the Setsubun ritual of Onibabari 鬼払い driving out the demons,
there are three Oni, ao-oni 青鬼 Blue Demon, aka-oni 赤鬼 Red Demon and kuro-oni 黒鬼 Black demon.
People who take over the part of these three Oni will not experience and evil or bad influence, will not be called to the military and will not be the target of shooting. So there are many young men who want to become Oni during the Setsubun rituals.



. kuro-oni, kurooni 黒鬼伝説 black Oni demon Legends .


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新潟県 Niigata 　笹神村 Sasakamimura 　

Once upon a time
the girls were playing tag. One of the girls felt a strange pain in her shin and when she looked, the flesh had split and she was almost bleeding. She tried to be brave and walked all the way to the bridge. At the bridge blood was suddenly flowinig out of her leg.
It must have been a kamaitachi かまいたち "sickle weasel".

. kamaitachi 鎌鼬 cut of the skin by a cold sucking wind .
- kigo for winter
and also a strange Yokai monster.


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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
- reference - 鬼ごっこ　-

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk Art from Japan .

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