Nihon Ryoiki book

- Yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - - ABC-Index -
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Nihon Ryooiki, Nihon Ryōiki 日本霊異記 Nihon Ryoiki
Ghostly Strange Records from Japan
Record of Miraculous Events in Japan
by Kyookai 景戒 （きょうかい/けいかい) Kyokai - Keikai, priest of Yakushi-Ji in the Nara period


source : plaza.rakuten.co.jp/caphiro
仏教」仏典の鬼（日本霊異記）

- quote -
Nihon Ryōiki 日本霊異記
is an early Heian period setsuwa collection. Written by Kyōkai between 787 and 824, it is Japan's oldest collection of Buddhist 説話 Setsuwa sermons .
It is three volumes in length.
- - - - - Title
Commonly abbreviated as Nihon Ryōiki, which means "Ghostly Strange Records from Japan," the full title is
Nihonkoku Genpō Zen'aku Ryōiki (日本国現報善悪霊異記).
It may also be read as Nihon Reiiki 日本霊記 .
The book has been translated into English under the title Miraculous Stories from the Japanese Buddhist Tradition, but this does not represent a literal translation of the Japanese title.
- - - - - Contents
The work is composed of three parts contained within three volumes. Each volume begins with a preface, and the final volume contains an epilogue. There are a total of 116 tales all dealing with Buddhist elements. There are also a total of nine poems.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


2 volumes by 中田祝夫 Tanaka Norio


Kyokai, Keikai 景戒 （きょうかい / けいかい)
(生没年不詳）は、奈良時代の薬師寺の僧。
日本最初の説話集『日本霊異記』の著者として知られる。
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- and its modern version by 水木しげる Mizuki Shigeru
Record of Miraculous Events in Japan



. Shigeru Mizuki (水木 しげる) Mizuki Shigeru .

(1922 - 2015)

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Miraculous Stories from the Japanese Buddhist Tradition:
The Nihon Ryoiki of the Monk Kyokai
By Kyoko Motomuchi Nakamura



----- Read the details here :
- source : books.google.co.jp -

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Record of Miraculous Events in Japan: The Nihon ryoiki
By Keikai - translated by Burton Watson



- source : books.google.co.jp -

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To become a special 鬼 Oni demon, you have to make your head all red.
Sometimes the Oni has a hot iron ring on the head, sometimes he appears as a 番人 watchman.

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Once a young fox shape-shifted into the wife of a certain man and enjoyed the time with him. But when the dog barked, he showed his real features and run away as fast as he could.

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本当はこわい仏教むかし話 マンガでよむ『日本霊異記』
Terrifying Buddhist Stories of the Nihon Ryoiki - told as Manga


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.......................................................................... Aichi 愛媛県 ......................................

少子部蜾蠃 Chiisakobe no Sugaru once invited a kaminari 雷 thunderbolt on request
of 雄略天皇 Emperor Yuryaku.
The emperor wanted to see a Kaminari close up, so Chiisakobe whent up a hill in Asuka, grabed a thunderbolt and showed it to the Emperor. It looked like a huge flickering serpent and the Emperor ordered Sugaru to bring it back immediately.
After Sugaru's death a stone memorial was erected in the place where it had happened. The inscription read
取雷栖軽之墓 Grave of Sugaru who grabed a thunderbolt.
The Kaminari deity got angry and tried to hit the stone, but was caught instead.


少子部 螺 (ちいさこべ すがる) Chiisakobe Sugaru

----- Read the details here :
- source : books.google.co.jp -


Emperor Yūryaku (雄略天皇 Yūryaku-tennō) was the 21st emperor of Japan ...
The sword at the Inariyama Kofun (Thunderbolt Mountain Kofun) is related to him.
Inariyama burial-mound sword (稲荷山古墳出土鉄剣 inariyama kofun shutsudo tekken)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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At the time of 敏達天皇 Emperor Bidatsu a farmer once went to his fields to drain the water off. But suddenly he found himself in a huge storm and rain. So he rested under a tree, but a thunderbolt hit. The Thunderbolt had the shape of a child and said:
"If you save me, I will give you a child."
So the farmer let the Thunderbolt go back to heaven and his wife became pregnant.

Emperor Bidatsu (敏達天皇 Bidatsu-tennō, 538 – 14 September 585) was the 30th emperor of Japan ...
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. thunder 雷 kaminari - introduction .
Zur Zeit des Bidatsu Tennō 敏達天皇, in der Provinz Owari　尾張国, ... story in German



.......................................................................... Gifu 岐阜県 ......................................

According to the Nihon Ryoki there is a family with a record dating back to
Mino no Kitsune 美濃の狐 The Fox of Mino.
There are supposed to be about 10 families with this background.


----- Read the details here :
三野狐 Mino no Kitsune, a woman of extraordinary strength . ..
- source : books.google.co.jp -



.......................................................................... Hyogo 兵庫県 ......................................

In 但馬国 Harima no Kuni (Northern part of Hyogo)
A young girl was once carried away by 鷲 an eagle. Many years later she was found in 丹波国加佐郡 the Kasa district of Tanba and could finally return home to her parents.



.......................................................................... Kyoto 京都府 ......................................

tooru no daijin no rei 融の大臣の霊 / Tôru daijin / The Minister Toru
Most of the stories of ghosts are about people becoming ghosts and appearing as a skull.
One of the oldest records is the Nihon Ryooiki 日本霊異記 Nihon Ryoiki.
宇多院 Emperor Uda (867 - 931) made an official visit to 河原院 Kawara no In (the official residence of Minamoto no Tooru 源融 Toru (822 - 895).
The late owner of this Kawara residence, Toru, appeared clad in 衣冠 formal robes as a ghost to greet the visitor.
Kawara no Sadaijin 河原左大臣 - Poet and statesman

- reference - Minamoto no Toru -


. dokuro 髑髏と伝説 Legends about the Skull .
- Introduction -



.......................................................................... Nara　奈良県 ......................................

- quote -
Gagoze ガゴゼ
Gagoze is a horrible-looking ghost who haunts the ancient temple Gango-ji in Nara prefecture. His story dates back to the Asuka period (550-710 CE). He is first depicted in illustration in Toriyama Sekien’s Gazu Hyakki Yakko, and he is said to take the appearance of a demon in monk’s garb.
His story says that during the time of Emperor Bidatsu, in old Owari province (now Nagoya in Aichi prefecture), lightning struck the ground near an farmer’s house. From the lightning emerged a thunder god in the form of a young boy, and the farmer ran outside with a stick to kill the boy. The boy pleaded with the farmer to spare his life, and promised that he would return the deed by giving the farmer and his family a young boy as strong as the thunder god. The farmer agreed, and allowed the thunder god to return to the sky.
Sure enough, the farmer’s wife soon bore a child, and the child was as strong as a thunder god! However, the child was born with a snake wrapped around his head, with the head and tail going down the back like a ponytail. When the boy turned 10, he had grown so strong and proud that he challenged a member of the imperial family to a contest of strength and won. .....
- source : Matthew Meyer -


. Gangooji 元興寺 Gango-ji .


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. . . CLICK here for Photos !

- reference : nichibun yokai database -



日本霊異記・宇治拾遺物語

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楢磐嶋（ならのいわしま）Nara no Iwashima (678 - ?)
At the time of Emperor Shomu

----- Read the details here :
- source : books.google.co.jp -


桑原の狭屋寺 Sayadera in Kuwahara in the Ito district of Kii province
At the time of Emperor Shomu

----- Read the details here :
- source : books.google.co.jp -


Kitsune no Atai 狐直
A Fox Family from Mino province

----- Read the details here :
- source : books.google.co.jp -


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日本霊異記説話の研究
- - - - - Contents
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第一章 小子部説話 - Chiisakobe
第二章 狐の直説話 - Kitsune no Atai 狐直
第三章 道場法師説話 - Doojoo, Priest Dojo Hoshi of the Asuka period
第四章 狭屋寺説話 - 桑原の狭屋寺　Kuwahara no Sayadera
第五章 役小角説話 - En no Ozunu, En no Gyoja
第六章 討債鬼説話と食人鬼説話　- Demons eating humans
第七章 隠身の聖説話 - Kakuremi - invisible things

----- Read the details here :
- reference source : ci.nii.ac.jp/naid - 丸山, 顯徳 -

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. - - - Join my Yokai friends on facebook ! - - - .

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. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .
- Introduction -

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .


. Kappa densetsu　河童伝説, Kappa minwa 河童民話 - Legends - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk　Art from Japan .

- #nihonryoiki -
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tsukimono bewitched

- yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters -
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- tsukimono 憑き物 bewitched, possessed -

Being bewitched by a fox, badger, a Yokai or other ill-meaning foe was pretty common in Japan,
there are many legends and tales about it.

Another expression, often used with the fox or badger, is
kitsune ni bakasareru 狐に化かされる

Here is also a book on how to get rid of a possession or bewitchment.



憑き物の落とし方 ― 自分でできる陰陽道の作法
石田千尋

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Tsukimono – The Possessing Thing
There are eight million gods and monsters in Japan, and more than a few of them like to ride around in human bodies from time to time. Yurei. Kappa. Tanuki. Tengu. Kitsune. Snakes. Cats. Horses. Almost anything can possess a human. But when they do, they are all known by a single name—Tsukimono, the Possessing Things.

What Does Tsukimono Mean?
Tsukimono is a straight forward term. It combines the kanji 憑 (tsuki; possession) + 物 (mono; thing). There is a different word for actual possession 憑依 (hyoi), which is the kanji 憑 (tsuki again, but this time pronounced hyo—because Japanese is hard) + 依 (I; caused by).

Although they are collectively known as tsukimono, different types of tsukimono use –tsuki as a suffix, such as kappa-tsuki (河童憑; kappa possession), tengu-tsuki (天狗憑; tengu possession), or the most common of all, kitsune-tsuki (狐憑; fox possession).

(憑 is an odd kanji by the way. It can do double duty not only as the verb tsuku (憑く; to possess) but also as a kanji for tanomu (憑む; to ask a favor). So in a strange way, possession means asking a favor of someone—really, really hard.)

Shinto God Possession
“The number of possessing spirits in Japan is something enormous. It is safe to say that no other nation of forty millions of people has ever produced its parallel" - Percival Lowell .....
..... this kind of God Possession—known alternately as kamiyadori (神宿り; kami dwelling), kamioroshi (神降ろし; kami descending), or kamigakari (神懸り; divine possession) –is different from tsukimono. .....

Tsukimono – Yokai and Animal Possession .....
..... it is always involuntary on the part of the possessed. No one invites a tsukimono into their body. .....
Types of Tsukimono – Snakes, Foxes, and Everything Else.....
- - - - - Mizuki Shigeru agrees with Percival Lowell. In his Mujyara, series he identifies the following types of possession. It is is by no means meant to be a complete list:

• Jizo-tsuki – Possession by Jizo
• Hannya-tsuki – Hannya possession
• Gaki-tsuki – Hungry Ghost possession
• Ikiryo-tsuki – Living Ghost possession
• Shibito-tsuki – Ghost possession
• Kappa-tsuki – Kappa possession
• Tengu-tsuki – Tengu possession
• Neko-tsuki – Cat possession
• Hebi-tsuki – Snake possession
• Tanuki-tsuki – Tanuki possession
• Uma-tsuki – Horse possession
• Inu-tsuki – Dog possession
• Kitsune-tsuki – Fox possession



Kitsune-tsuki is by far the most common type of tsukimono. It is also different from other tsukimono—instead of the possessed taking on fox-attributes, kitsune-tsuki feels like a bodily attack, with shortness of breath, phantom pains, speaking in strange voices, and epileptic fits. Kitsune-tsuki symptoms resembled classic demonic possession in Western culture.
- read the article here
- source : Zack Davisson -

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- quote
Witchcraft in Japan: The Roots of Magical Girls
..... Just like in the West, people in pre-modern Japan often explained phenomena like illness, floods and other misfortunes with evil spirits. In Japan’s case, these evil spirits were thought to take the shape of animals: dogs, badgers, and especially foxes. These tsukimono (憑き物, “possessing beings”) took possession of people in their search for food or other creature comforts. When they did so, bad luck, illness, and other misfortunes befell the possessed and those around them.



Alternatively, some people weren’t possessed by tsukimono but kept them as pets or familiars. It is these people who are considered witches. Having tsukimono was usually a family affair. Families who owned tsukimono were known as tsukimono-suji (憑き物筋) or tsukimono-zukai (憑き物使い). In these cases, the tsukimono could have a beneficial impact on their handlers, bringing wealth and prosperity. And on the flip side, they were thought to bring illness and bad luck to anyone the owners dislike. This resulted in the families being feared and respected, but also ostracized.

People were hesitant to do business with such a family, and they had trouble selling property. In addition, the tsukimono were inheritable through the female line, making it nearly impossible for these women to find husbands. Tsukimono could not be disinherited or disowned, but one could attempt exorcisms with a Shinto priest, female medium or other spirit specialists. In Tohoku and Kyushu prefectures, religious practitioners and not families were thought to wield tsukimono. So these people could not only cure you of tsukimono possession but curse you with it, too.

Often these tsukimono-suji were simply wealthier than their neighbors. When jealous tongues started wagging and the rumors stuck, the family would be marked forever. As in Europe and America, being accused of this sort of witchcraft had a negative impact on the families’ lives. Nevertheless, belief in these tsukimono was widespread. Cases of spirit possession as late as 1997 have been recorded.

In Japan, witchcraft wasn’t exclusive to women, although it’s interesting to note that the tsukimono are passed down generation to generation through the female line. This seems to affirm a widespread global belief that women are more capable of – and likely to be involved in – witchcraft.

Perhaps predictably, cats also feature in Japanese witch stories. Hundreds of years ago, it was a common belief that girls who visited a temple after the sun went down risked being targeted by a witch. The witch, disguised as a kindly old woman, would lure the girl to her house with the promise of a warm bed for the night. Once inside, the witch would resume her ordinary, frightening form and promptly devour the girl. And because cats often hung around temples, it was believed that they were witches in disguise, waiting for their next victim.



Today, a witch can be good or evil, and not always as self-serving as our ancestors believed. Japan’s magical girls have come a long way from their spirit-wielding roots and are hardly seen as evildoers but rather as guardians and protectors. Looking at certain prominent anime and manga that feature magical girls, one will notice that there’s always some sort of familiar either bestowing the magical gift upon the protagonists or, at least, helping out with it. .....
- source : japanistas.com/en/archives

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憑き物 - 鳥飼 否宇


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. Jizo Bosatsu - 地蔵菩薩 .

Jizoo tsuki　地蔵憑き Possession by Jizo

Tofu Jizo 豆腐地蔵
山梨県飽海郡松山町竹田　Yamanashi, 善応寺 Zeno-Ji
相馬地方では大病の人、もしくは紛失物などがある時は「地蔵憑け」という事をする。それは村の老婆や婦人などがやって来て円形に座り、村でもあまり賢くない子供一人を中に入れ、子供にお札を持たせ、周囲の人が口々に、
南無地蔵大菩薩　おつきやれ　地蔵さん　地蔵さん　地蔵さん　
とせめ立てると中の子供は一種の催眠作用か、ぶるぶると札をふるわせれば地蔵さんは憑いたのである。それを見て色々病のことなれば、薬の処方、又は医者の方角、失せ物なれば、その方角、距離、出るか、出ないかを聞くのである。それが当たる様で、時々地蔵憑きをする。
- reference : jabaranran.blogspot.jp/2014 -

- reference -

. Bakejizo, Bake-Jizo　化け地蔵　/ 化地蔵 Jizo as a yokai monster .
obake Jizoo お化け地蔵 O-bake Jizo

. 東福院 Tofuku-In Tokyo .
豆腐地蔵 Tofu Bean Curd Jizo at Tofuku-in Temple

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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. possessed by a fox　狐憑き .

. possessed by a Tanuki badger 狸憑き .


- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
226 憑き物 to explore

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. - - - Join my Kappa friends on facebook ! - - - .

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. Kappa densetsu　河童伝説, Kappa minwa 河童民話 - Legends - Introduction .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .


. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk　Art from Japan .

- #tsukimono #bewitched #possessed -
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road construction singpost

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- KAPPA - 河童 / かっぱ /　カッパ - ABC-Index -
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dooro kooji　道路工事バリケード　road construction barricade







They are used in many parts of Japan to lighten up the roadside.
They also come in yellow.



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. - - - Join my Kappa friends on facebook ! - - - .

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. Kappa densetsu　河童伝説, Kappa minwa 河童民話 - Legends - Introduction .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .


. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk　Art from Japan .

- #roadconstruction #dorokojikappa -
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